Isolationism, Intervention, and Imperialism free essay sample

The United States annexes Hawaii in 1900 should be categorized as imperialism. Imperialism is a countries policy of creating an empire. It also maintains control to expand their control of raw materials and the world market. This is done by conquering other countries and establishing them as colonies. To improve trade with the  United States, Kalakaua allowed them a limited use of Pearl Harbor  as a naval base in 1887. Hawaii’s only ruling queen came to power in 1891. Liliuokalani tried to gain power by changing the laws of the constitution. In 1893, a revolution brought out the Republic of Hawaii. The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 and two years later made it an official U. S. territory. All Hawaiians became citizens of the United States. 2. The United States declines to give aid to Hungarian patriots in 1849 should be categorized as Isolation. Isolationism is a national policy of avoiding political or economic entanglement with other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Isolationism, Intervention, and Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is often used to describe the political climate of the United States in the 1930s. Isolationism does not try to close off the United States from the worlds cultures and economies. Isolationism may support military actions that maintain the independent skills of the United States. In 1848, the US would not have even imagined getting involved in European crises. It went against everything that was believed at the time. We would have had no way of providing any help. Our Army and Navy were extremely small and we had very little diplomatic influence in Europe. We declined aid to the Hungarians because we did not want to harm our country. 3. The United States proposes the Open Door Policy in 1899 should be categorized as Intervention. The theory of interventionism examines the nature and justifications of interfering with another policy or with choices made by individuals. Interventionism is characterized by the use of force to change a political or cultural situation nominally outside the intervener’s moral or political jurisdiction. It commonly deals with a government’s interventions in other governments’ affairs.

Meet Zapier CoSchedules Latest Integration [NEW FEATURE]

Meet Zapier s Latest Integration [NEW FEATURE] Managing a marketing team with MULTIPLE tools Is more than tough†¦ It’s CHAOS. You end up spending a majority of your day jumping from screen to screen. Commenting on the SAME updates in a hundred different places. And wasting a huge portion of your day on mundane tasks. If only there was a way to sync all your productivity tools in ONE place ;) Introducing ’s latest integrationZapier!  Connect your favorite tools + automate your workflows with your NEW secret weapon. Meet @Zapier: @’s Latest IntegrationWith Zapier, you can: Automatically sync all your productivity tools in ONE place. No more jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! With Zapier, you can easily sync all your events, tasks, content AND projects from other tools directly into your calendar. Eliminate mundane tasks + duplicative efforts! With the Zapier integration, you can easily set up automatic workflows that put time back on your calendar so you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Which means you can spend less time worrying about tracking + managing a million different tools†¦ and finally have time to focus on projects that *actually* matter to your business. 😎 Automatically Sync All Your Productivity Tools In ONE Place As marketing lead, you have a THOUSAND things to manage. (And honestly, you like it!) But constantly jumping from screen to screen to keep track of everything across multiple applications†¦ that’s the part that’s not so fun. #truth Luckily, with Zapier, you can stop jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! Easily sync all your events, tasks, content AND projects from other tools directly into your calendar. Let’s dive into how it works. Sync Up Your Events Have trouble managing the thousand events you have scattered between Google Calendar and ? Set up a Zapier integration to create an event in any time a new event is added in Google Calendar. Sync Up Your Tasks You love your project management tool, but you also love . The problem? You waste precious time tediously adding the SAME tasks in both tools. *sigh* But it doesn’t have to be that way. 😠 Easily sync up your tasks inside from Asana, Trello, Basecamp 2, Basecamp 3, or Wrike by setting up a Zapier integration! Sync Up Your Content Tired of managing content between multiple applications? Set up a Zapier integration to create content in any time a new card is added in Trello, or a new row is added in Google Sheets. Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen, save time, and easily manage your ALL your content in . Sync Up Your Projects Managing large projects is already hard enough. But having to jump between multiple applications to keep track of the SAME projects? It’s insanity. Luckily, with a little help from Zapier, you can get all your projects in one place! Easily set up a Zapier integration to create a marketing project in any time a new project is added in Basecamp 2, Basecamp 3, or Asanawhen a new event is added in Google Calendaror when a new row is added in Google Sheets! Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen (and focus on executing your projects instead). No matter how many tools you use (or what tools you use)†¦ With Zapier, it’s easy to automatically sync every  event, task, piece of content, AND project in one place! Eliminate Mundane Tasks + Duplicative Efforts! When you spend half your day copy/pasting comments about project updates.. . Transferring content from one tool to the next†¦ Or sifting through random to-do items scattered in your email inbox Something’s gotta give. Because honestly†¦these mundane tasks (while important) don’t have huge impacts on your bottom line. (And take you away from important, profit-driving projects). #yikes Luckily†¦with Zapier, you can easily set up automatic workflows that put time back on your calendar so you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Stop Jumping Between Your Email Marketing Tool + Keeping track of content for every email campaign is a nightmare, especially when you have to constantly flip between an email marketing tool, like MailChimp, and . The solution? Set up a Zapier integration to create content in any time a new campaign is scheduled in MailChimp. Save your sanity, never lose track of content, and easily manage every email campaign in . Stop Sifting Through Your Emails Nothing’s worse than trying to track down to-do items (in random emails) scattered throughout your inbox. The solution? Set up a Zapier integration between the Zapier Email Parser + to add a new task to anytime your Zapier Email Parser receives a new email! No more email sifting for you, my friend. Stop  Copy/Pasting Between Google Sheets + You LOVE spreadsheets. But you DON’T LOVE having to copy + paste information from your spreadsheet into . Luckilyyou can use a Zapier integration to automatically add tasks, content, and/or projects to anytime a new row is added in Google Sheets! Which means as an avid spreadsheet and user, you can have your cake AND eat it too :) Automation is a BEAUTIFUL thing. Besides putting time back on your calendar†¦ you can STOP getting stuck in the weeds of mundane tasks + duplicate efforts. Which means you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Managing a marketing team that uses MULTIPLE tools used to be chaos. ;) You’d spend half your day jumping from screen to screen Commenting on the SAME updates in a hundred different places And wasting your precious time on mundane tasks. But with Zapier†¦Ã°Å¸ËœÅ½ It’s easy to sync all your productivity tools in ONE place! Which means you can spend less time worrying about tracking + managing a million different tools†¦ And finally have time to focus on projects that *actually* matter to your business.

Convincing Irans leadership to stop its nuclear program Assignment

Convincing Irans leadership to stop its nuclear program - Assignment Example The shahs, who you serve, are responsible for enforcing harsh laws which make Iranians comply with your government’s directives, since their fundamental human rights and freedoms have been ignored by your administration. Your media is a good example, where local journalists who voice their concerns are being silenced. As the international community, we have observed the following measures to deal with the situation which is slowly getting out of hand. As you well know, this is a way of thinking that is dangerous. The notion is that violence or the threat of it, must be responded to with violence, though in this modern day and age, seems outdated and uncivilized. As per your government’s behavior, you well know that vexing problems cannot be solved with force. This is not the correct method for America and the international community.1 Your country so far poses no existential threat. Your government is seen to be in internal disarray. We see that your political, economic and moral power is so inferior that resorting to terrorism and assassination to carry out international agenda seem to be your administration’s viable option. Your country threatens to develop nuclear capabilities, but you should know that the international community and your neighbors like Israel would not hesitate to resort to military action if and when the threat materializes, but as you know, military options against your country is not wise. This kind of retributive, vengeful action will lead us to even a trillion dollar expenditure.

Describe how the web(www.gilt.com ) is used by a real corporation Assignment

Describe how the web(www.gilt.com ) is used by a real corporation - Assignment Example The website offers various discounts to its customers and only those customers can access these discounts who have subscribed with the website. There are various ways in which the website can be helpful for various brands located within and outside United States. Real world organizations such as Saint Laurent and various other organizations can benefit from Gilt Groupe in several ways. Gilt Groupe website is similar to the local small sized retail stores that are located in various areas. These stores purchase various products from different manufacturers at discounted prices and then they sell these products directly to the customers. In return the manufacturers selling their products derive many benefits including advertisement benefit, research benefit, cost cutting benefit and targeting benefit. The organizations that connect with the Gilt Groupe website can obtain same benefits from the website (Ostapenko 64). One way through which high end brands such as Saint Laurent can use the Gilt Groupe website is that such brands can directly reach their target market without compromising the image they had developed over the years. The members who are subscribing with Gilt include individuals who are educated and at least have a bachelor’s level degree and belong to higher income earning groups (The Business of Fashion 1). Brands such as Saint Laurent sell their offerings at very high prices and the customer base of Gilt are the main target markets of these brands. Another benefit that brands including Saint Laurent can benefit from Gilt website is that they can reach a higher consumer base and can easily attract new consumers that had been previously shopping with their competitors. The target market that is catered by Gilt mostly includes those consumers who are very brand loyal and only purchase from a certain brand. But organizations such as Saint Laurent can sell their products through the Gilt website and even gain the attention of customers who

Charity events and fundraising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Charity events and fundraising - Essay Example The nurses of the centre are also actively involved with patients who stay at home. They give them support and best counselling to ensure that their situation is better. The centre was established in 1975 and it was the first of its kind and offers free services Payne, Seymour and Ingleton (2008. p. 368) The centre depends entirely on donations and financial commitment from other people to enable the centre run smoothly. Government funding accessed by the centre can only cater for 28% of budget. For 2014-2015 financial years, the centre will need about  £8 million. Out of this the government has only taken care of 28% and therefore the rest has to be raised by the centre. The centre uses 85% of its expenditure on direct costs where as the remaining 15% is used in support cost. Below is a description of a proposal aimed at creating awareness and raising funds for St. Luke’s Hospice. This is a one day event that is aimed at getting the community around Sheffield involved in raising funds as well as give emotional support to the patients in the centre. A community has high chances of participating in a charity especially if the community is the primary beneficiary Stelljes (2008, p. 150) Sheffield is known to produce top names in the world in all fields. May it be entertainment, sports, politics, business, education you name it. Most of these people were born, raised or live in Sheffield. They are what we call celebrities. They have a massive influence in the society and most people admire them. St. Luke’s is more of a community centre considering that its operations are primarily focused on the people of Sheffield. The centre has helped many people in fighting their illness. The idea of this proposal is to work with one of the celebrities who have their roots in Sheffield to hold a one day event that will attract all the residents within 20 miles radius in Sheffield.

Burnout in Nursing Profession

Burnout in Nursing Profession The aim of this literature review is to identify the significant factors related to burnout in the nursing profession. Nurses are most susceptible and vulnerable to the development of burnout, mainly because of the nature and emotional demands of their job. Burnout in the nursing profession is a significant concern in nursing, because it has detrimental effects both on individuals and organisations. For the individual nurse, the neuroendocrine response yields physiologic reactions that may ultimately contribute to illness. In the health care organisation, work burnout may contribute to absenteeism and turnover, both of which detract from the quality of care. Burnout is reported to originate from work itself as well as from characteristics of the individual nurse. There are also buffers to mitigate the development of burnout. Background Freudenberger (1974) first coined the term burnout to describe the build-up of feelings that professionals experience when their emotional resources are depleted (Janssen, Schaufeli Houkes 1999). Maslach and Jackson (1981) further refined this term as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment. Their study is a piece of seminal work and their concept on burnout has been widely accepted since. Emotional exhaustion manifests in nurses as a general loss of feeling and concern, trust, interest, and spirit. It also involves feelings of fatigue, being used up, irritability, frustration and wearing out (Maslach et al 1981). Depersonalisation refers to showing a detachment of the nurse from the patient by actively ignoring the qualities that make them unique and engaging people (Maslach et al 1981). The third dimension of the burnout syndrome is the tendency of nurses in evaluating their work negatively. Nurses feel unhappy about themselves and dissatisfied with their accomplishments on the job (Maslach et al 1981). Burnout is measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach et al 1981). The internal consistency of this tool has been widely tested using Cronbachs coefficient alpha (Maslach, Jackson Leiter 1996) and hence could be considered to be a standard measure for burnout (Hannigan, Edwards, Burnard, Coyle Fothergill 2000). This survey tool is a 22 item questionnaire consisting of the three subscales mentioned above of the burnout syndrome. The items are scored in a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (daily). A high degree of burnout is reflected in high scores on the emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalisation (DP) subscales and a low score on the personal accomplishment (PA) which is rated inversely. An average degree of burnout is reflected in average scores on the three subscales and a low degree of burnout is reflected in low scores on the EE and DP subscales and a high score on the PA subscales (Maslach et al 1981). Rationale Burnout is often been reported as a causing factor for attrition of nurses from the nursing profession (Armstrong-Stassen, Al-Maaitah, Cameron Horsburgh 1994). In addition burnout in nursing has been associated with poor patient satisfaction and poor patient outcome (Vahey, Aiken, Sloane, Clarke Vargas 2004, Nayeri, Negarandeh, Vaismoradi, Ahmadi Faghihzadeh 2009). These adverse outcomes of burnout could have significant indelible impact on the Singapore governments aim to establish Singapore as a reputable medical hub in the ASEAN region. Studies and statistics have shown that nurses in Singapore are at risk of developing burnout (Boey, Chan, Ko, Goh Lim 1997, Lim Yuen 1998, EnterpriseOne 2006), however, surprisingly, no research have been done in Singapore to assess the level of burnout and the related factors of burnout in their nurses. Therefore, this literature review is initiated to generate a comprehensive understanding of what is known about burnout in the nursing profes sion. This could have implications for understanding the overall well-being of the nurses in Singapore. Aims and Objectives Aim and objective: To identify the significant factors related to burnout in the nursing profession. Method A literature search was conducted using the keywords nurses and burnout on CINAHL and MEDLINE. The search is supplemented with a manual search in journals published in Singapore for further information regarding related research conducted in the local context and a supplementary follow-up of other cited materials in Google Scholar, where appropriate. Findings Collating the evidence from the literature led to the identification of three main themes for the related factors of burnout for nurses. The themes are stress of the health care professionals, individual variables and leadership as the buffering factor. The proposition that high stress clinical care settings as organisational stressors have been extensively examined. Therefore not surprisingly, studies on burnout done in medical, surgical and high dependency units were most prominent (Nayeri et al 2009, Adali Pirami 2002). Gillespie and Melby (2003) purported that the reason is because the nursing staffs working at these demanding areas are likely to spend considerable time during their working day in intense interactions with people. While Maslach-Pines (2000) suggested that it is because the nature of the work of these departments is often described as physically demanding and nurses are also continually faced with heavy demands for pity, sympathy and compassion. However, while many studies demonstrate a strong correlation between high levels of stress in high stress work environments and increased incidence and degree of burnout among nurses (Schmitz, Neumann Oppermann 2000), others produce evidence showing there is no correlat ion (Buunk, Ybema, Zee, Schaufeli Gibbons 2001). In the study conducted by Buunk et al (2001), it is being demonstrated that nurses working in high stress, specialised environments are less burned out than their counterparts working in those perceived as low stress environments. However, it should be noted that the participants for their research are nurses who have at least 10 years of working experience. They would have been able to handle their stress more efficiently and would have been less prone to burnout. Therefore, it can be argued that this research lost its reliability because the sample represents a group of generally healthy workers (Demerouti, Geurts, Bakker Euwema 2004:997). Moreover, the researchers also conducted a face-to-face interview with the participants. By the interview questions, the participants could infer that the researchers are interested to determine their stress related behaviour. Therefore, the sensitive nature of these questions would have inflict ed a response bias as participants do not want to be stigmatised as not being able to cope (Maslach, Jackson Leiter 1996). In more recent years, among the organisational stressors, workload as a contributing factor to burnout is more commonly reported and associated with the emotional aspect of the burnout syndrome (Greenglass, Burke Moore 2003, Lin, St John McVeigh 2009). Taris, Le Blanc, Schaufeli and Schreurs (2005) suggested that a high score on this single aspect of the burnout syndrome will be sufficient enough to predict burnout. Authors proposed that the 21st century health care reform has further intensified nurses workload. The work intensification studies in and around health care are providing convincing evidence on the extent to which efficiencies achieved by health care organisations are largely due to the increased workloads of nurses as a result of both staff reductions and increasing activity and patient complexity (Green 2004, Aiken, Clarke, Sloane Sochalski 2001). It is argued that increased workload will lead to increased stress and in turn leads to higher chances of burnout (Masla ch Leiter 2008). Therefore, it can be speculated that there should be widespread concomitant increase in reported severity of burnout due to the increased pressure on nurses. Nonetheless, the question remains as to why in the same situational conditions, some nurses burn out, whereas others show no syndrome. The most likely explanation is that causes of burnout are found in both the environment and the individual. Significant relationships between burnout and certain demographic characteristics have been reported but the results are still far from conclusive. The few socio-demographic variables most commonly being investigated are age, gender and marital status. In their study, Maslach, Schaufeli and Leiter (2001) reported that age has most consistently been related to burnout. Burnout has been observed more often among young workers than among those aged over 30 or 40 years and it seems to occur rather early in ones work career. Schaufeli and Greenglass (2001) accounted that regarding gender differences in burnout, results are mixed and may reflect difference in roles or occupations. Maslach et al (2001) found that emotional exhaustion has usually been reported to be more common among women, whereas depersonalisation has been more common among men. Bakker, Demerouti and Schaufeli (2002) conducted a study in which a wide range of different occupations and organisations were recruited and answered through the internet, women reported higher levels of burnout than men did, particularly when they were relatively young or had relatively little work experience. However, the respondents were mostly men and rather young (Bakker et al 2002). Schaufeli and Enzmann (1998) with regard to marital status, those who are unmarried, especially men, appear to be more prone to burnout compared with those who are married. Singles seem to experience even higher burnout levels than those who are divorced. Personality characteristics as the psychological aspects of individual variables were explored as an important variable in the burnout process in a number of investigations (Simoni Paterson 1997, Allen Mellor 2002, Bà ¼hler Land 2003). However, the specific features of personality that affect the perception of burnout remain unclear. Garrosa, Moreno-Jimà ©nez, Liang and Gonzà ¡lez (2008) proposed a model of prediction of burnout in nursing and they reported that their findings give support that personality factors are significant predictors of the three aspects of burnout. But the authors were not clear on which personality characteristics were investigated. Allen et al (2002) and Zellars, Perrewà © and Hochwarter (2000) reported that neuroticism is associated with the emotional exhaustion aspect of burnout and external locus of control also demonstrated positive relationship with burnout. However, Bà ¼hler et al (2003) and Toscano and Ponterdolph (1998) reported that finding s are mixed for hardiness. Interestingly, more recent studies indentified leadership as a factor related to burnout (Kanste, Kyngà ¤s Nikkilà ¤ 2007, Corrigan, Diwan, Campion Rashid 2002). Leadership issues did not appear as a noteworthy factor related to burnout in earlier studies, even though it had been discussed some twenty years ago by Bass (1985). Nonetheless, leadership issues cannot be considered as new, but rather they appear to have increased in relative significance. Weber (2007) articulated that the increasing calls over the last decade for considering leadership as a related factor of burnout is particularly because of the chronic recruitment and retention issues confronting the nursing profession. There is also a rich source of comment on the impact of health care reform on nurses and nursing in the health care sector research literature (Aiken et al 2001). In a study conducted by Laschinger and Leiter (2006), their findings also support the key role of strong nursing leadership in creating c onditions for work engagement and ultimately, safe, high-quality patient care. Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner and Schaufeli (2000), in their proposed model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses, identified that an individuals engagement with their work will predict a degree of low burnout. However, Stordeur, Dhoore and Vandenberghe (2001) warned that if leaders are too tyrannical and control-oriented, their leadership could exacerbate the burnout process. Among the different types of leadership, transformational leadership has been most commonly proposed and viewed as a buffer which moderates the impact of burnout (Stordeur et al 2001). Transformational leaders are visionary, balanced, self-aware and confident of breaking existing professional boundaries (Stordeur et al 2001). Nonetheless, findings from the study by Stordeur et al (2001) have to be viewed with cautious. This is because they only attempted to measure the relationship between leadership and the emotional aspects of the burnout syndrome. The other two dimensions, depersonalisation and lack of personal accomplishment were not measured. Further studies would have to be taken to establish implicit links between leadership and burnout. Ulrich, Buerhaus, Donelan, Norman Dittus (2005) found that effective control over practice resulted in increased status, respect and recognition. Hochwà ¤lder (2008) further emphasised that through a chain reaction, transformational leadersh ip style engenders group cohesion and empowerment in nurses and hence it has been found that transformational leadership is inversely correlated with burnout in nurses. Discussions Past research on burnout in Singapore is generally anecdotal in nature (Tung 2000). Others attempt to investigate the nurses stress level and their association with the psychological well-being and several work-related outcomes such as job satisfaction, organisational commitment, intention to quit and job-induced tension (Boey et al 1997, Lim et al 1998). In a study on stress among nurses in the emergency department in Singapore, Lateef, Ng and Anatharaman (2001) reported that the nurses who are older, have more working experiences and hold higher positional post had lower stress scores as compared to those who are younger, have less working experience and have lower positional post. However, the authors did not proffer insights to explain these observable facts. While such research gives indication that there is a high level of stress in the nurses in Singapore, it cannot be implied that there would be a high degree of burnout in these nurses. While it is clear that stress results i n burnout among some individuals, also apparent, yet not explained by the empirical evidence is the fact that others faced with high levels of stress do not experience burnout. Therefore an implicit relationship of high level of stress and high degree of burnout cannot be deduced because there is evidence of high stress being associated with low burnout (Bunnk et al 2001). Therefore, studies on burnout have to be conducted to investigate the burnout phenomenon among the nurses in Singapore. For the time being, it could only be speculated that nurses in Singapore are at risk of developing burnout. From the findings, it is shown that nursing burnout appears to be the result of not only contextual factors but also individual factors. Results from the studies on the socio-demographic variables and personality characteristics are weak and ambiguous. Only age has been identified as a relatively good correlate to burnout, with younger nurses being more susceptible. It would be reasonable to believe that younger nurses are more at risk to burnout because they have to move from a familiar educational environment into the workforce where there are high expectations of them to rapidly function as a competent nurse (Schaufeli et al 1998). As a result, they experience challenges transitioning from student to practicing professional nurse (Godinez, Schweiger, Gruver Ryan 1999). Transformational leadership could result in low burnout. It is important to note that low degree of burnout represents a positive psychological state and an effective state of well-being (de Rijk, Le Blanc, Schaufeli de Jonge 1998). In the emerging literature, there is a shift from the traditional focus on weaknesses and malfunctioning toward understanding human strength and optimum functioning at work (Gustafsson Strandberg 2009). Conceiving of low burnout as wellness makes a contribution to the literature because it focuses on the positive aspects of work. Positive research has the potential to improve the image of nursing and attract a new generation to the profession. It also have implications for identifying and modifying possible areas of frustration that would result in burnout and thus help relieve the high costs of turnover by improving nurse retention (Teng, Shyu Chang 2007). The major contribution of such an approach is that it enhances the understanding of how the mana gement of the health care organisational can affect nurses well-being. This knowledge is essential for the future development and well-being of all nurses and the profession of nursing. Research implications Current research focuses on examining the burnout phenomenon in acute settings and their findings have presented evidence that the level of burnout might not be influenced by different clinical settings. Therefore, future studies should move beyond the acute care settings to better understand the burnout phenomenon. Except for one, all authors of the research used for this literature review utilised cross-sectional methodology, therefore, casual relationships cannot be made from their results. Their findings also cannot be generalised in another milieu. Longitudinal research is required in order to enhance the understanding of the burnout process. Maslach et al (1981) had pointed out that longitudinal research although presents a large challenge, it is of critical importance for the comprehension of burnout. Future longitudinal examinations should establish a profile of the nurses at the beginning of their employment then follow up over a longer period of time in correlation with burnout status and the related factors influencing the development of the burnout process (Ekstedt Fagerberg 2005). For all of the studies used for this literature review, the data are collected using self-reports from the participants. Many authors warned that self-reported data might be contaminated by common method variance, because both the independent and dependent variables are based upon one source of information which is the participants (Demerouti et al 2000). Therefore, future research should also utilised objective means for collecting the result findings. Conclusion The concept of burnout has sustained the interest of nurses and researchers for several decades. Despite the large amount of studies done in attempt to investigate and predict the related factors of burnout, no conclusive data could be drawn. This is because the health care system is in constant change. The factors that relate to burnout will present different relative significance with the changes. Notwithstanding this, the related factors to burnout could generally be classified as both organisational and personal related. Therefore, to base practice, burnout intervention programmes should be multidimensional consisting of work-related as well as personal directed approaches.

Solar Power Has a Future :: Solar Energy is the Future

This is NOT a paper. It is an Annotated Bibliography Plan: I want to look into solar energy and assess how likely it is to change American energy usage through the 21st century. This type of energy has worked well in Germany and should be greatly considered in the US. I think widespread usage of solar energy can prove a large step in solving our current energy crisis and assist in the current climate crisis at the same time. Outline I. Introduction A. The current energy system needs a new solution B. That solution may be solar energy C. Basics of how solar works/types of energy available D. Generally why solar is a great renewable energy resource II. The issues and solar energy A. More detailed explanation of how solar works than the brief explanation given in intro B. Photovoltaic cells C. Solar heating D. Biofuels E. How solar is the greenest energy source III. Challenges A. Technology is expensive B. The sun only shines part of the day and only on sunny days C. Batteries are needed to store energy for use at non-peak times D. Large scale production requires large amounts of land E. Current technology is very inefficient IV. Benefits A. Arguably the greenest energy source B. Technology pays for itself halfway through its lifespan C. Installing panels on your home or business allows you to sell that energy to the grid D. Rather simple for home usage E. Small scale units take up no space otherwise used V. Germany’s experience A. The government pushes solar greatly B. For a brief time on a June day 50% of the country’s energy was coming from solar energy C. Generally how they have been doing: pros and cons of their experience D. They are continuing to push for greater amounts of solar and other renewable energies VI. Governmental policies A. Pressure for utility companies to make a percentage of their energy come from solar B. Tax incentives C. Europe feels more pressure from the EU than felt in the US and they’re doing better at switching to renewables D. The US still lacks strong governmental policies to make the push toward solar and other renewables VII. Conclusions A. Solar is certainly a way to help solve the current energy crisis B. Solar alone will not become the new full scale energy provider C. It works best on a smaller scale especially for the individual Solar Power Has a Future :: Solar Energy is the Future This is NOT a paper. It is an Annotated Bibliography Plan: I want to look into solar energy and assess how likely it is to change American energy usage through the 21st century. This type of energy has worked well in Germany and should be greatly considered in the US. I think widespread usage of solar energy can prove a large step in solving our current energy crisis and assist in the current climate crisis at the same time. Outline I. Introduction A. The current energy system needs a new solution B. That solution may be solar energy C. Basics of how solar works/types of energy available D. Generally why solar is a great renewable energy resource II. The issues and solar energy A. More detailed explanation of how solar works than the brief explanation given in intro B. Photovoltaic cells C. Solar heating D. Biofuels E. How solar is the greenest energy source III. Challenges A. Technology is expensive B. The sun only shines part of the day and only on sunny days C. Batteries are needed to store energy for use at non-peak times D. Large scale production requires large amounts of land E. Current technology is very inefficient IV. Benefits A. Arguably the greenest energy source B. Technology pays for itself halfway through its lifespan C. Installing panels on your home or business allows you to sell that energy to the grid D. Rather simple for home usage E. Small scale units take up no space otherwise used V. Germany’s experience A. The government pushes solar greatly B. For a brief time on a June day 50% of the country’s energy was coming from solar energy C. Generally how they have been doing: pros and cons of their experience D. They are continuing to push for greater amounts of solar and other renewable energies VI. Governmental policies A. Pressure for utility companies to make a percentage of their energy come from solar B. Tax incentives C. Europe feels more pressure from the EU than felt in the US and they’re doing better at switching to renewables D. The US still lacks strong governmental policies to make the push toward solar and other renewables VII. Conclusions A. Solar is certainly a way to help solve the current energy crisis B. Solar alone will not become the new full scale energy provider C. It works best on a smaller scale especially for the individual

How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918 Essay

Introduction ‘How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918?’ World War One had many short-term effects on the people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918, some small and others large. However, I do not think that it had any large long-term effects, on Britain or on the people living in Britain at that time apart from on women’s social standing. First I will look at large, short-term effects. D.O.R.A Or the Defense Of the Realm Act had quite a large-scale effect on Britain. It was also the cause of many other issues to be discussed in this essay, such as rationing. It originally began by allowing the government to control many aspects of the country completely; they could take over industries, factories and even people private land and houses for use in the war. They could also control how much people found out about the war through censorship. One of the first things the government did under DORA was to take control of the coal industry, and turn it towards helping the war effort, rather than putting money in private peoples pockets. During the war more changes were made, a lot of them affecting many aspects of peoples daily lives, under DORA people could not: Talk about military matters in public or spread rumors about military affairs anywhere Trespass on railways, bridges or allotments Fly kites or light bonfires or fireworks Buy binoculars Melt down gold or silver Give bread to dogs, chickens or horses Use invisible ink when writing abroad Buy whiskey or brandy in a railway refreshment room or a similar place Ring church bells As you can see there is a long list of things people were not allowed to do, as well as the government having the new powers already mentioned, the government also ordered for beer to be watered down, pub opening hours to be shortened and to not let people buy rounds or drinks in a pub. They also introduced the idea of putting the clocks forward by 1 hour during the summer, so that people could work longer while it was still light. These things altogether had quite a large short-term affect on the people of Britain, so much so that ‘by the end of the war, people were used to the government controlling their lives completely’, clearly this is something rather detrimental to Britain, it meant people could not always do what they wanted to do, restricting their right to free will. They could not fly kites, ring church bells, buy binoculars etc, and all of these smaller things, coupled with the larger things would have made a big difference to the people of Britain. I say D.O.R.A was a large short-term effect because at the end of the war, most of the acts passed under DORA were removed, the state no longer controlled buildings, or aspects of daily lives, apart from the new pub opening hours, which remained in effect until 1989, ‘even though they were meant only for the war’. DORA also had many other effects, which are in themselves issues to be discussed in this essay: Rationing Another example of Dora’s power can be seen in the form of rationing, because the government was able to take over and control land, they could take over farm land and turn it’s usage to producing what they wanted to be produced. They hired women to work the land (because men were away fighting), and did this in order to keep the country fed, but by 1917 the situation had become dire, German U-Boats were sinking one in every four of our supply ships, and there simply was not enough food for everyone to have exactly what they wanted. Food prices rose to double what they were in 1914, and since people had not asked for higher wages because they had wanted to support the war, they could not afford to pay. Rich people bought much more than they needed and hoarded it, whilst poorer people could not even afford to buy bread. Shops closed early because their stocks had run dry, and there were serious strikes over ‘poverty level wages’. The government then attempted to encourage people to economies on their food usage; leaflets, posters and articles were produced to try to get people to save as much food, particularly bread as possible. But none of their measures proved to be effective, so rationing was introduced, this meant that everyone had a set weekly allowance of food, comprising of sugar, meat, butter and beer, and they were issued with coupons that enabled them to get their set amount of food. As it turned out, by the end of the war, people were actually more healthy than they had been at the start, because they were eating a more balanced diet, the rich and the poor could only get the same amount of food as each other, so it also proved to be a much fairer method of supplying everyone in the country with enough food to live on. This was another short term affect, one under DORA, as once the war was over and the food supply was back to operational speed again, rationing ended and people were able to get as much, or as little food as they were able to before. Propaganda This will have had a much larger affect on the mind of the British citizen than any other effect of the war, although not being able to eat exactly what you wanted or do exactly what you wanted, these things were more physical when compared to propaganda, which had large physiological affects on people. DORA gave the government the right to control newspapers and other forms of media, in order to limit what the civilian population found out about the war. During the first few months of the war, where thousands of men were dieing in terrible ways, the government only reported good news, no reporter could go to France or to Belgium, and the control the government had was so incredibly totalitarian, they even kept the house of commons ‘in the dark’ as to the full reality of the front line. For the first two years of the war most propaganda was rather crude, with many tales of British heroism and German atrocities, all highly patriotic, and completely supportive of the war. However as popular opinion changed the government had to adapt their propaganda strategies to cope with it. In 1916, ‘appalling’ losses were being made at the battle of the Somme, with thousands of soldiers on both sides dieing daily, the government took this opportunity to attempt to show the people what the war was really like. What they filmed however was pre staged mock battles and scenes of soldiers going of the top bravely, and achieving much, they also showed pictures of dead and wounded men, something that had never been done before. This supposedly wakened a lot of people up to the harsh realities of the war, they were seeing so much that shocked and disgusted them, when really most of the footage was fake, and only half of the true story was being told. Propaganda was a powerful short term effect on what people thought of the war, it meant that because people did not know the full harsh reality of war, they kept on supporting it, it is likely that had the real story been told from the outset, the people may well have decided against the war. In it’s defense however, propaganda helped to keep the morale in Britain up when things were going badly, as the government could easily churn out a patriotic poster, or an awe inspiring leaflet. Below is a large effect, which had a lot more knock on effects than anything else. Women At War The countries male population had been severely reduced, because they were all out fighting on the front lines, so there were very few men left to farm, make munitions, and do all the other jobs that they used to do before the war, such as being a delivery driver. So women had to take over, the government formed the W.L.A or Women’s Land Army, and women who signed up to this would work on farms around the country, planting, harvesting and looking after crops. They were also employed in industry, most commonly the munitions making industry, and as other forms of laborer. People found that the women were just as able to do the jobs as well as all the men were, and although they were not paid as high a wage as the men, the women found that they enjoyed working and earning a lot more money than they would have done in previous jobs, if they were employed at all. This was a much larger effect of the war, particularly as it led to women getting the vote in 1918 under the representation of the people act, they had proved they could do everything a man could do, and they had helped their country get through the war, although the right to vote was not given under equal terms until 1928, 10 years later, up until then only land owning women over 30 could vote. Women working in previously male jobs also led to help in the breakdown of the class system, because all women were involved, a rich land owner could be working on the field or in the factory right next to a poor dressmakers daughter. They found that it was possible to make friends with the ‘lower classes’, and most thoroughly enjoyed it. The same was happening to the male population, as all soldiers on the front line were equal unless they were higher up in the chain of command, so a rich man could find himself in a position of having his life saved by a poor ‘lower class’ man, or vice versa. Some smaller, short-term changes Conscription A conscription act was issued in 1916, this stated that all men aged between 18 and 41 had to fight in the war, there was no option, because although at the start of the war they could not get people out to the front lines fast enough, as it carried on, the numbers of people wishing to lose their life for Haig and country began to dwindle, so conscription was the only thing that would ensure a steady flow of soldiers to be. After this all married men had to fight as well, and this then led to a huge shortage of workers in vital industries, which then led to women taking their places in the workplace, which then led to women getting the vote, and the eventual breakdown of the class system. Of course some people did not want to fight at all, even when they had to, these people were called conscientious objectors or ‘conchies’ for short, however they did have to prove that they were really objecting to fighting for a reason of conscience, e.g. their religion or a deeply held belief that war is wrong. A lot of ‘conchies’ were very badly treated, a lot were banded as criminals and placed in jail, some not even let out after the war was long over, and others could even be shot for being traitors. This was the first time conscription had been introduced in Britain, but like many other things, when the war finished, so did conscription. Conclusion There were many things that the First World War affected in Britain: food, the way people viewed the war, lively hoods and more were all altered in some way, most of the effects were temporary though, after the war they simply went away, and people went back to how it used to be before the war. All except for one effect, the way women had been treated before the war was as housewives and maids, fit only to do ‘women’s work’ at home, or at somebody else’s home, they were thought of as the child bearers, and nothing much else. The war allowed women to prove they could be more than just that, after the war there were 400,000 less maids than there had been before it, women knew now that they could do whatever men could do, and do it well also. For their hard work, women won the vote, and eventually on equal terms as men, however, all did not change instantly, when the war finished many women went back to what they used to be doing, and the men came back to their old jobs as well, but I do not think this matters, as the ball had already been set rolling, women had proved that they were mans equals, and they could, and would do it again. I do not thing that World War One deserves to be called a ‘Total War’ when compared to World War Two, although compared to previous wars such as the Boer war and the Napoleonic wars, World War One was the closest that had come to being a ‘total war’, people were much more involved in it than they ever had been before, there was conscription, bombing, women were commissioned to work in jobs previously only ever done by men, and the civilian population was being constantly bombarded by hundreds of propaganda messages. This was something people had never experienced before, never had a civilian felt so touched, so involved by the war, never had women worked in factories or had the vote, and civilians had never been bombed as they lay in bed before. Yet, compared to World War Two, WW1 was not total war, the bombing was really not at all severe, neither were the casualties, the weapons, the rationing or the everyday dangers when put next to World War Twos figures.

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